Education in America Essay

Delprà ¸ve 1A) 1. Normally students look forward to go back to school after the summer holidays. There’s missing ing-form in go. It should be going back to school. 2. According to Michelle Obama is education important when you want to plan your own career. Is and education are misplaced and should be swapped. 3. President Obama, which wife has now joined his efforts to improve education, wants the US to have the highest percentage of college graduates by 2020. Which is referred to an object, and therefore which has to be replaced with whose. These are the so called relative pronouns. 4. How much you earn throughout life depends large on your success in school and your education. Large has to be replaced with much. Large is an adjective. 5. A high proportion of American students earn a bachelors degree. The apostrophe is placed before the s to show singular possession. Bachelor’s. 6. The US universities should could help turn around the situation. There are two verbs next to each other, and could should be erased. 7. A low standard of education will result in that American companies cannot compete globally. 8. There was many good points in the speech made by the First Lady. Was should be replaced with were, because many is plural. Delprà ¸ve 1B) 1. The First Lady told the students about Princeton. The students were told about Princeton by the First Lady. 2. The goals of the program reflect the First Lady’s own life. The goals of the program are reflected by the First Lady’s own life. 3. Employers have hired more than 700,000 bachelor’s holders. More than 700.000 bachelor’s holders were hired by Employers. 4. Teachers and educators will assist Obama in achieving his 2020 plan. Obama will be assisted by teachers and educators in achieving his 2020 plan. Delprà ¸ve 1C) I hver af nedenstà ¥ende sà ¦tninger er der understreget forskellige pronomener (stedord). Forklar i hvert enkelt tilfà ¦lde, hvorfor netop dette pronomen (stedord) er valgt. 1. JPMorgan Chase employs nearly 270,000 people, each of whom plays an important role in the success of the firm. â€Å"Whom† is used because it’s referring to the object of a verb. It would for example be wrong to be saying each of they, and not each of them. 2. This is an issue of vital economic importance, and it has clear ramifications for employers who could find it increasingly difficult to access talent in the coming years. Employers are humans and therefore are subjects, which is the reason who is used. 3. Fortunately, there are companies that understand this reality and realize that they are well-positioned to make a difference on this issue by working with nonprofits, policymakers, and other partners. Omitting that would lead to misunderstanding, but both using or omitting it would be correct, but understand should be edited to understanding if to omit that. 4. But she has also been derided by critics who hoped she would use her historic position to move more deeply into policy. â€Å"Critics† is not a living thing and can therefore not be referred to who, and should be replaced by which. 5. Hopefully, the 2020 plan will give opportunities which will benefit young students. â€Å"Which† is used because â€Å"opportunities† is not a living thing. 6. Apparently, too many people who enroll at university fail to graduate which pushes down the graduation rate. The graduation rate is not a living thing, therefore â€Å"which† is used. Delprà ¸ve 1D) Delprà ¸ve 1d Du vil gerne sà ¸ge optagelse pà ¥ California State University for at studere International Business Communication. Du skriver derfor en e-mail til universitetet for at hà ¸re om optagelseskrav, pensum, undervisningsafgifter samt indkvarteringsmuligheder. Skriv e-mailen pà ¥ engelsk og brug alle de nedenstà ¥ende ord og vendinger. Ordene/vendingerne skal bruges som de stà ¥r, men du mà ¥ gerne à ¦ndre pà ¥ rà ¦kkefà ¸lgen og skrive dem med stort begyndelsesbogstav. I din besvarelse skal du understrege de anvendte ord og vendinger. Omfang: 50-100 ord admission, please, campus, information, tuition fee, in addition, look forward to, accommodation Mathias Kjà ¦rgaard California State University International Business Communication Long Beach, 90840 Dear California State University I would like to apply for admission at the campus. In addition to that I’d like to receive some information about the tuition fee and generally about the campus and furthermore how the accommodation will be handled. I look forward to hearing from you! Yours sincerely Mathias Delprà ¸ve 2) Education in America 1 â€Å"Once upon a time, American students tested better than any other students in the world† as it says in Newsweek March 6, 2010. What’s the current scenario? The educational system in America is outdated. The elementary and high schools have suffered from a serious decline in the graduation level. This is something the government at most certain point cannot overlook. Not to mention the children’s future are at risk but America’s future is at stake. How important is the American education? First of all the future of America basically lies in the American educations hands. In the 1970’s only one quarter of jobs required more than a high school education. Yet, two out of three jobs require at least a post-scenario education. This means that without a great education system the unemployment rate will drop, which we already are seeing in age group of 18-31 year old. There are numerous factors that will have to be taken care of, to ensuring a safe and sound future in America. â€Å"I’m here today because I want you to know that my story can be your story† says Michelle Obama at Bell Multicultural High School in Washington. â€Å"The details might be a little different, but so many of the challenges and triumphs will be just the same.† Michelle is so to speak helping, or at least trying to help the American education, and she is starting a new initiative for whom, whose families has a low income and  pursue a college degree, and therefore this initiative seek to increase the number. But the issue cannot be fixed by a small initiative, something has to be done, which JPMorgan Chase and other corporations and philanthropic funders are proud in the Aspen Institute’s Opportunity Youth Incentive Fund, which is a funding collaboration that addresses the workforce skills gap in 21 communities around the country by enlisting the collective expertise of a disparate group of numerous partners including the earlier mentioned. This is an opportunity to help the students complete the education they want and not end up somewhere their skills are not acquired. Even though this collaboration is a great idea, and at most definitely will help the American students to find out what they’re best at and furthermore find and maintain stable employment, this will not at once fix the educational problem in America. â€Å"These are big, complex challenges. And I believe that our elected leaders, business leaders and community leaders need to remain focused on making sure our young people are prepared to help America continue to lead in a complex global economy.† Along with this, the American schools are failing, because they are suppressing children by forcing them into a compliance-based model of education. As said, all children are natural learners and we’re born with curiosity, creativity, wonder, and intrinsic motivation. American schools are failing, because they are suppressing children by fo rcing them into a compliance-based model of education. All children are natural learners. We’re born with curiosity, creativity, wonder, and intrinsic motivation. Research shows that with more years of formal schooling, those very qualities are stunted tremendously. Moreover, schools resemble prisons to a lot of the children, where they feel cut from society and the social media is banned. If we’re looking at the government, reform movements in education tend to focus on a â€Å"one-size fits it all† approach in attempting to solve educational inequity issues. While universalizing core standards and curriculum does carry some utility in leveling the playing field, it is important to keep in mind that it is not the magic silver bullet that will remedy achievement gaps alone. To accompany this movement, certain factors must be met.2 Support for underachieving students and their teachers Professional development promoting differentiated instruction for diverse  groups of learners, and efforts towards building learning communities for teachers, school leaders, and administrators to encourage teamwork and shared responsibility A school system should be a community of teachers, school leaders and the administration who share a goal of supporting and encouraging each and every one of its students. For this system to work, components of a â€Å"dream community† need to be as a prerequisite. It will work with all the members of the community contributing and caring about the development of the youth. The dream scenario would be where the teachers would care so much about their students, to help their future. But this is just a dream scenario and can only be fixed by the school and the teachers themselves. Another way to fix the issue is to let congresses like No Child Left Behind3 allow for the abolition of Race to the top4. A council of education stakeholders should be arranged to craft national guidelines of the basics for what children should know for this day and age. Furthermore schools should adopt learner-centered policies where children take full agency over their learning-experiences. Then have a curriculum that is anti-disciplinary and aimed at real world problems. Not to forget the topic, the results of these aforementioned scenarios are positive, but have different modes of operation. The dream school example will affect the economy by raising the graduation rate tremendously positive, and there will be a high number of high-educated students who are ready to find employment. But there will be factors against this scenario too, which includes the low-end required jobs not being chosen as first priority, due to its lower educational requirements which, for some people is no t â€Å"prestigious† enough, will have an increasingly unemployment rate. The second way to fix the education is a very appealing and strong scenario, and I believe that it could help the future education, especially when the children have something to say themselves, where they can contribute to a greater total thing, where the teachers can learn from the students too. Guidelines for the children are also very important, because America as society and country is become a rather hard and competitive place to live, if you are to find employment. At last we can conclude that there are a lot of different ways to fix the problem, but none of them can alone change and save the issue. I find the suggestions I gave competitive and rather complex, although they will not entirely fix the issue.

Ensure Team Effectiveness Project

Momi jeweler| Sandeep kaur std01943| Aitt college| | Table of Contents 1 Name of the organisation2 2 Your position2 3 Type of position:2 4 Organisation background:2 5 Your role:2 6 Action plan:-2 7 Outcomes3 8 Alternative process3 8 IMPLEMENTATION4 10 Budget allocation4 11 conclusion4 1 Name of the organisation: momi jewellery shop 2 Your position:- Team leader of distribution and warehousing. 3 Type of position: – frontline management position. Reason for your new position developed: – there are many reason for develop team leader of distribution and warehousing position.The one reason is that nobody there to work for this situation, to achieve their goals, completes the organisation’s expectations. Work for company profit and production and provide good service to people so that every person can do their work with responsibility. 4 Organisation background:- it is a large jeweller firm. The organisation manufactures, imports and repairs jewellery for distributio n to its many stores in all states. There are 12 team members, from different background and with differing levels of expertise.Some team members have worked with the organisation and in this vision, for members of years. Other team members are relatively new, while some have worked in other department/ sections of the organisation before being transferred to your division. 5 Your role: – your initial role, therefore, is that of trouble shooter, problem solver and team facilitator. You need to bring this group of people together to form a cohesive, effective and productive team. 6 Action plan:- action plan are very necessary to get a team goals and their expectation ,This Action Plan builds upon the Strategic Framework developed as a, result of an extensive research programme with businesses in the Jewellery shop, 2 The purpose of the research was to produce evidence to inform the development of a Strategy and Action Plan to support businessgrowth and development in the secto r. While the focus wastherefore on factors affecting economic development, the researchcovered broader aspects relating to sustainability, i. . environmentaland social factors. As a result a number of indirect factors have beenidentified and these have been taken into account in formulating boththe Strategy and Action Plan. 3The Actions have short medium and long lead delivery times. Each Action has been developed as aPracticalactivity, although some may be considered to be preparationfor future delivery. Where possible they build upon broaderinterventions already on offer to the business community from arange of stakeholders and providers. Apprenticeship orImproversNetwork:-Identify those companies that would support andshare the cost of developing a network which enableda small number of apprenticeships to be awardedeach year and provided work placements forimprovers. Starters fund Establish small grants schemes to supportbusiness start-ups with access to equipmentand purchase of tools. 7 Outcomes 1 Improved understandingand focus on trainingavailable and successionplanning. 2 Raised awareness of thesector 3More new product andimprove turnaround times (reference=http://www. jewelleryquarter. net/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/jibss_action_plan24909. df) 8 Alternative process If these process will not working then we have to use alternative process so the person can perform well like forming, storming, norming and performing these are the necessary stages for team development. So there must be training process so the employ can learn properly and perform properly 8 IMPLEMENTATION The following section sets out some proposals for the adoption andimplementation of the Action Plan. Action 1: An early activity should be to gain formal recognition for the Plan from Jewellers Association Company as principal funders of itsdevelopment.The achievement of this recognition should be led bysupport of the Steering Group and the nominated Business Champion. Action plan 2 shou ld bring together appropriate representativesfrom those agencies identified in the Plan to confirm their support and to identify/confirm the lead organisation for each activity. This group,or some form of it, should agree to develop a formal remit and to actas a project management group for implementation. Action plan 3 An assessment of the resourcing implications ofimplementation and delivery. This should include identifyingfunding to enable the employment of a co-ordinator. 10 Budget allocationAction | Budget / Expenses ($)| 01| 5000| 02| 2750| 03| 3600| 04| 8900| 11 conclusion In the end we can say that in this large jewellery shop which is working for manufactures, import and repairs jewellery and it has many store in all states. I just have appointed there for team leader as a frontline management position so I can work for complete its expectation and goals. there were lack communication so I made some of action plan which will good shop and it will increase its productivity. 12 reference Books and website:- (http://www. jewelleryquarter. net/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/jibss_action_plan24909. pdf)

A relevant furniture piece or other interior design element in the Assignment

A relevant furniture piece or other interior design element in the Regency and Revival period (1810-1860) - Assignment Example Furniture during the Gothic Revival period were made to fit the highest class and with consideration for use by the wealthiest as evident in the uality of the chair and the attention to detail in the design of the chair. Gothic Revival Furniture were important to the Regency and Revival period because it offered a change from the Neoclassic style that had prevailed for a long time and that it was within the period when designers used older designs as inspiration. The effect was a revival of older designs from the 12th century (Siegel, 43). The other importance of the Gothic Revival Furniture is the purity of geometric forms and forceful designs it evidenced, and they were designed with admirable elements. The Gothic Revival Furniture allowed for the emergence of ornamentation, curving forms, and complex design (Nielson, 355). The importance of the Gothic Revival Furniture to the revival period include that it resulted in the mass production of chairs by Lambert Hitchcock (1795- 1852) and Henry Belter (1804- 1863) introduced wood bending i9n his factory making chair making easier and better (Sheumaker and Shirley,

Scientists study how HIV hides in body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scientists study how HIV hides in body - Essay Example Yet those drugs don't eliminate HIV because they can't reach the two known pools of cells where the virus can lie dormant, ever ready to resurface. So-called memory T cells form one such pool. As the name implies, these are the cells that ensure if you get, say, measles as a child, you're forever immune. They live for years, even decades, making them a logical HIV hideout, and one that scientists have repeatedly sought to dismantle to no avail. Macrophages, another type of immune cell, form the second pool. They roam the body looking for invaders like bacteria to gobble up. If they get harmed, such as becoming infected by a virus, they're supposed to commit suicide. But HIV instead keeps them alive long past their normal lifespan. "Up to now, nobody has really thought about how to eliminate the macrophage reservoir," said Dr. Kuan-Teh Jeang, an HIV specialist at the National Institutes of Health. "The imagination now has turned toward, 'How do we eliminate reservoirs' ... The best way to address our problem is to simply kill those cells." The Rochester team found that HIV produces a protein that turns on a particular cell-survival pathway. After a multistep process, it ultimately activates an enzyme called Akt that in turn prevents cell suicide, the researchers reported Thursday online in the journal Retrovirology. That was g

Strengths Analysis and Future Development Strategies Assignment

Strengths Analysis and Future Development Strategies - Assignment Example They have to be developed through consistent training and experience. Skills are the difference from knowledge in that process involved in the transfer of knowledge lead to the development of skills. Talents are the abilities to execute observable behaviors that lead to distinguishable aspects (Buckingham and Clifton, 2001). They can also be reviewed in terms of competence held by various individuals that can be used to perform unique activities. The main differentiator between the three principles can be described in terms of whether the aspect was learned or attained from external sources. For example, one has to manipulate the present knowledge to gain proficient skills. Additionally, most talents are in build whereby individuals are born with them or learn about their abilities as they grow up. The observation of talents may depend on the situations that an individual has to perform. Its the attained skills may also help in the realization of talents. The accrued knowledge is about the comprehension of the company's activities and operations. It includes the use of attained data to execute activities that are advantageous to the firm. Skills include the handling of clients and technology present in a company with the aim of attaining the set objectives. They also include my professional attributes that lead to job efficiency and competency strategies. My talents consist of computing complex numbers for a short time and first typing skills. The two talents can be helpful to the firm's data entry or bookkeeping. It is one of the first aspects to locate using the inventory. Competition can be highlighted by performances in various activities (Buckingham and Clifton, 2001). It can be described is the rivalry feeling that drives an individual towards better results. The theme has helped me in my educational and workplace aspects. Competition is part of the driving forces of companies; hence the need to employ competent workers. Â  

MANAGEMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MANAGEMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY - Essay Example the organizations to achieve this goal there is need for the managers to break down bureaucratic structures to allow close interaction between workers and managers at various levels, recognize the potential of employees, capitalize organizational teams and organization of projects. Management can be viewed as a form of idea and a structure of values based on the perception that it can secure a limitless growth of expansion in the creation and exchange of human significance across the globe (Smith) Customers want their orders processed as fast as possible and with greater efficiency. This requires organizations to be fully prepared to respond to emergency requests of the customers while maintain continuous improvement of products and services they deliver to the customers. It is apparent that organizations must make a profit in order to survive in the market. The efficiency of management is achieved at four levels namely; natural, social, individual and ethical level (Alain, 2006). The management should have a limitless predisposition towards a systematic in addition to the occasional regulation of nature and boundless accumulation and capitalisation of knowledge for governing nature. Managers require skills to address issues at all levels from individual, social, organizational and global levels by establishing a clear link of how various things interact at all levels across the globe. The new management style involves focusing on short-term financial performance. Just as aforementioned, organizations must make a profit on a daily basis in order for them to survive. Investors use returns of their investments as a yardstick to measure the efficiency of management (Alain, 2006). This puts managers under intense pressure to put in place concrete measures to achieve short-term finance performance. There is an increasing urgency in production and consumption of products and services mainly as a result of increasing use of information technology. These aspects have

Management of Ports Sale Blockade Fallout Case Study

Management of Ports Sale Blockade Fallout - Case Study Example Thirdly we must pursue with Department of Commerce to facilitate DPW for onward sale of its asset without losses. The opponents perceive it as a security threat without any justification. Notwithstanding the fact that the port operation is already foreign owned, the security is not the operator's prerogative. It is according to the International Shipping and Ports Security Code which is implemented by US Coast Guards. None of the infrastructure at ports in question relates to military or national security facilities. The Defense Department controls the facilities that it uses to ship military goods. Sale of these ports operations is nothing to do with security. It is a direct result of globalization of maritime trade and neither is it an outsourcing issue. The hype has actually been created by the Democrats to put pressure on Administration. However this needless hype has damaged our long term interests severely in Arab World. This is being taken as a test of US impartiality by our Arab allies as P&O is already a foreign owned company and only being transferred from British to Arabs owners The stakes are too high in properly managing this issue for long term US interests in the region. Not only this will add fuel to fire in US impression in Arab world, it will jeopardize the security of our business interests in Arab World. This issue may be taken as an argument to nationalize vital strategic industries currently being run be American Companies. It may aggravate the security problems for US citizens in the region if the issue is politicized by the radical elements in the Arab World. Possible Courses of Actions The current situation suggests three possible courses of actions 1. Normal Diplomatic activity from State Department and projection of the issue as merely a legal and technical matter. 2. Normal Diplomatic activity till blockade and taking remedial measures by putting the onus of blame on Arabs by directly projecting the issue as a fall out to 9/11. 3. Taking a non apologetic and non accusatory position to the problem by State Department and proactive diplomacy for controlling the potential damage in Arab world. Need for Pro-activity in Damage Control The first option can possibly work if the issue is really such and there are justifiable legal grounds available. However given the sentiments involved and heightened emotions both in US population and Arab world it is not advisable. The second approach will simply aggravate the sentiments in Arab world and will likely complicate our relationships with the Arabs no matter how much we consider them to be at fault in 9/11. Therefore only practical approach is to be proactive and carefully guard the situation till the time attention is diverted to any other issue. We need to be highly active in this regard. If we do not take proactive approach now as proposed and wait to see the result of Senate decision, we will likely be doing damage control by making explanations and would be clearly seen in negative light. The US government has to take a clear stance despite domestic

Company Policy on Acceptable Use of Email and Text Messaging Assignment

Company Policy on Acceptable Use of Email and Text Messaging - Assignment Example Always recall that the policy’s provision that the company monitors messages that employees communicate while they are within the company’s premise. This affects both communication to persons inside the company and people outside the company. Take heed of the fact that this policy intertwines with the policy on responsible communication. In addition, you are reminded that this policy directs all employees to be responsible for the content that they include in the messages they send to people both inside and outside the company. Use of company equipment to send harassing messages is highly discouraged and this warrants disciplinary measures as stipulated in the company’s disciplinary policy. Remember that the policy on responsible use of company equipment directs that personal messages sent using company equipment are monitored and should not disclose proprietary and confidential company information. Complete the form providing your name, address, telephone number and your signature. Although we have this information in our database, we need them in this form for the sake of reconfirmation of commitment to comply with this policy. Return your completed form to the reception by the 20th April 2014.  

The history of cremation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The history of cremation - Essay Example "With the advent of the Bronze Age -- 2500 to 1000 B.C. -- cremation history moved into the British Isles and into what is now Spain and Portugal. Cemeteries for cremation developed in Hungary and northern Italy, spreading to northern Europe and even Ireland. In the Mycenaean Age -- circa 1000 B.C. -- the history cremation became an integral part of the elaborate Grecian burial custom." (Cremation History). By the time of Homer in 800 B.C., cremation turned out to be one of the most dominant modes of disposition and it became popular for reasons of health and expedient burial of slain warriors. Cremation was widely practiced during the time of the Roman Empire, i.e. 27 B.C. to 395 A.D. and the elaborate cremation urns containing cremated remains were found from this period. During the middle ages, cremation was forbidden by law all through Europe and it was used as a means of punishment for heretics by authorities. However, there were cases of mass cremations which were performed out of necessity during the times of contagious diseases, war etc.

The culture of punishment in America. Deathpenalty Essay

The culture of punishment in America. Deathpenalty - Essay Example It has been observed that since the 1970s, the number of death penalty cases have increased manifold, and America continues to justify the use of cruel methods of punishment for those indicted for all sorts of crimes. â€Å"The use of mass incarceration and the use of torture in prisons including Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo Bay are other shining examples of resurfacing of earlier held mentalities with regards to meting out of punishments.† (Silberman, pg154)But then, in the latter case, one has to take into account the fact that most of the prisoners were terrorists; what was at stake was the security of the citizens of America which had to be safeguarded under all circumstances! In this paper, the primary focus is going to be on the attitudes of the various states of America towards the use of the death penalty. The primary area of concern would be the justificatory statements pertaining towards the use of or abolishment of death penalty though initially the American attitude t owards the use of punishment techniques in general will be touched upon, for that has a strong bearing on present-day attitudes towards death penalty, and the use of numbers and figures would merely be to put the claims under clearer perspective. It would be well to learn about the general attitudes maintained by the federal and state machinery with respect to treatment of prisoners in American jails. The federal and many state prison systems have gradually done away with trying to rehabilitate prisoners, instead opting to keep them in prisons for longer periods of time. And the ones indicted of death penalty are finding it tougher to get their sentencing reduced to life-imprisonment. Throughout the 1970s, religious fundamentalism has played a major part in increasing the use of corporal punishment, long prison terms and death penalty. â€Å"Alongside, there is also evidence to show that America had never fully abandoned extreme forms of punishment before the 1970s, nor had she com pletely rejected the rehabilitative ideal since. The widespread abuse of the mentally retarded in institutions such as Willowbrook and the torture of prisoners in Arkansas and at other places showcases the contradictions in American culture with regards to punishment†. (Silberman, pg 155)Going by these incidents, the reader will have very less cause for wonderment as to the use of more innovative and sophisticated gadgetry to execute death row inmates. The Enlightenment philosophy and the religious traditions that has to do with the Universalist principles of famous political figures like Benjamin Rush have resulted in the â€Å"development of the modern penitentiary, designed to isolate prisoners from the negative influences of other prisoners and encourage them to seek redemption by reading the Bible. The restorative justice movement and its historical antecedents are as much a part of the American story as the moralism of the early Protestant settlers.† (Silberman, p g 155) â€Å"A growing chorus of voices is insisting on the re-examination of the death penalty in Ohio. Among the most powerful voices include Ohio’s Catholic bishops, Ohio Supreme Court Justice Paul Pfeifer; former attorney general Jim Petro; and former state prison director Terry Collins.†(McCarty pg A9) The only US manufacturer of pentobarbital--the drug Ohio

The foghorn and the sea Raiders Essay Example for Free

The foghorn and the sea Raiders Essay Thought (Hugin) and Memory (Munin) were the two ravens that went unto the world to observe and return to tell of what all men do, Driven by further search for knowledge, Odin begged Mimir, the wise, to allow him to drink from the well of wisdom, for this he consented to lose an eye. Wounded I hung on wind swept gallows For nine long nights, Pierced by a spear, pledged to Odin, Offered myself to myself: The wisest know not from whence spring The roots of that ancient rood. They gave me no bread, they gave me no mead: I looked down; with a loud cry I took up the runes and I fell. (The Elder Edda 56) Here we find Odin once more sacrificing himself for knowledge, In The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology it is said that Odin actually died on the gallows of Yggdrasil, that he traversed Nifleheim, or Hel in order to obtain the nine sacred runes, that seem to be extremely powerful as described in The Elder Edda. The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology adds yet another theory to Odin hanging himself, The parallel between Odins voluntary death on Yggdrasil and the crucifixion remains striking. Odin was pierced with a spear and like Christ, cried out before he died there is little doubt that his hanging on the cosmic tree had pre-Christian origins and derived from ancient pagan worship. Odin had long been the god of the spear, the god of the hanged. This could definitely be determined as less than speculation, seeing as we must rely on our sources and to this point one could say that this is a very valid and well thought out work. Regardless of minor differences in text again we must as they did default ourselves to the larger span of information. There were two different groups of gods in Scandinavian Mythology, The Aesir and the Vanir. Each having their own respective dwelling place, Asgard for the Aesir, and Vanaheim for the Vanir. Of the two, The Vanir have been said to be the older. Unlike the warrior Aesir, the Vanir were a race of gods associated with fertility, wealth, and good weather. (The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology 500) Among the Vanir were, Njord, the sea and fortune god, Skadi, the god of destruction, Freyja, the goddess of love, and Freyr the god of Fertility. Among the Aesir were, Odin, Balder, Bragi, Forseti Heimdall, Hodr, Thor, Tyr, Vili, Ve, Vidar, Frigg, Sif, and Idun. At one point in time there was a great war between these two branches of gods, yet both the Aesir, and the Vanir came to terms by exchanging several prominent gods of each side. The Vanir sent Njord, Freyr, Freyja, and Kvasir, while the Aesir sent Mimir, and Honir. The Vanir soon found that they got the bad end of the deal due to the fact that Mimir was the only one who knew what he was talking about, and that in his absence Honir, wasnt really that bright. The Vanir then sliced of Mimirs head and sent it back to Asgard, where Odin used Powerful magic to allow Mimirs head to speak. Little else is known of the Vanir, they seemed to lose importance quickly after it was concluded that the war was resolved however it was noted that Vanaheim, was potentially unaffected by Ragnarok. This shows evidence of two religions colliding with Scandinavian and Germanic mythology. Revealing to us that Scandinavian mythology has most definately influenced by other ancient tales and stories. (Cherry, Vanaheim) Scandinavian mythology might have been the inspiration to several works of modern day literature. It is Nicole Cherrys opinion that Tolkien was very well acquainted with the northern mythos, as can be seen by the use of it in his books. The name of one of his main characters, Gandalf, is found in The Poetic Edda. Gandalf is, in some ways, reminiscent of Odin, the leader of the Norse pantheon. Even the name Middle-earth, the setting for Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings, comes from Norse mythology. There are several other modern day works of literature based on or derived from Scandinavian mythology as well, such as, The Ring of the Nibelung and The Nibelungenlied. These works, may well show the effect and legacy of Scandinavian Mythology in the World. Another notable element of Tolkeins Lord of The Rings was his use of the ring itself to the Viings the ring meant wealth honor fame and destiny. It was in fact a tradition to give rings to neighboring countries, bringing to notice the ever prominent focal point of the Lord of the Rings. (Day 29) There is no Heaven or Hell in Scandinavian mythology, the only hope is to be brought up to Asgard by a Valkyrie or Battle Maiden. Even then those chosen or the Einherjar (The Heroic dead) faced defeat at Ragnarok in the Final Battle on the Vigrid Plain. This may be unlike any other focal point of religion known. It reasons in many ways that the only way to gain honor is to die in battle unfaltering. Scandinavian Mythology, although comparable to other religions or other pagan beliefs is an original and unique work of the Norwegians, Swedish, Icelandic, and Danish peoples of Europe. Hamilton describes it justly by saying, Asgard, the home of the gods, is unlike any other heaven men have dreamed of. No radiancy or joy is in it, no assurance of bliss, it is a grave and solemn place, over which hangs the threat of inevitable doom the same is true for humanity this conception of life which underlies Norse religion, as somber a conception the human mind has ever given birth to A heroic death is not a defeat, but a triumph. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE JRR Tolkien section.

In the Kitchen Essay Example for Free

In the Kitchen Essay The kitchen that is being discussed in the story means two different things. The first meaning is the part of the author’s house where the author’s mother prepare and cook their food, and where the whole family of the author spend most of their time together. The other meaning of the kitchen in this story is as the kinky hair at the back of a person’s head where the neck meets the shirt collar. The kitchen as part of the author’s house has been memorable to their family since this is where they spent most of their time together. It is in this room where they took their bath in their galvanized tub, where their mother washed their clothes, and where their mother did her hair. However, we will deal with the aspect of the kitchen as the kinky hair. The kitchen as the kinky hair at the back of their head is usually the main concern of most of the African American. This kitchen is very important to these people because of the perception of â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† hair. In those days, â€Å"good† means straight hair, while â€Å"bad† hair means kinky hair. Most people wanted to have â€Å"good† hair. They exert almost all kinds of effort in order to have â€Å"good† hair that even people of today still do. The author’s mother heats fine tooth instrument with wooden handle over their gas stove to straighten her hair, with the help of Bergamot oil. Some used stocking cap which is made up of a pair of stocking cut into about six or more inches with an open end on one side and a knotted end on the other side. Nowadays, hair still remains to be the number one concern of many African American people. Even people with non-kinky hair resort to hair straightening process and products to achieve silky smooth straight hair. As a conclusion, the term kitchen in this essay pertains to hair as assimilation or adjustment in order to be accepted by their society without much discrimination. Most people believed that hair, as a crowning glory, is an important source of identity. It shows what kind of a person one is, where he/she came from, and it even shows the financial and racial status of a person. Work Cited Gates, H. L. , In the Kitchen. USA: MacMillan, 1997.

Islamic Bank of Britain vs. Dubai Islamic Bank Comparison

Islamic Bank of Britain vs. Dubai Islamic Bank Comparison Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1- Introduction This chapter discusses the aims and objectives of the project. A detailed background of the study, research rationale and theoretical framework has also been discussed in this chapter. At the end of this chapter, the report structure of this thesis is mentioned. Research Title Islamic Bank of Britain vs. Dubai Islamic Bank (A Comparative Study) 1.2- Background of Study Islamic banking is very different as opposed to conventional banking, as it works on the principles of Islam and Sharia which entails avoiding interest and gives more preference to invest in a business and in sharing of profit and loss. There are several Islamic banks all over the world and all of them operate on the Sharia principles, however some progress to profit and some decline to loss and a prime example of this is the Islamic Bank of Britain. The Islamic bank of Britain was founded in 2004 by a group of Middle East investors. This was the first Islamic Bank in the United Kingdom. The formation of this bank was based on the simple foundation of Sharia conduct with typical products and services, however the bank underperformed, more so than anticipated. Losses were evident from the initiation of its business in the United Kingdom. Moreover, according to Financial times and its 2008 income statement, a loss of was highlighting, displaying major cause for concern. On the other hand, the Dubai Islamic Bank which was founded in UAE by Arabic investors and also adheres to Sharia principles has reported quarterly profit of US$ 122.5 million. This then raises the questions as to why Islamic Bank of Britain has been unable to attract the customers and what are the main factors causing losses for the bank every year. 1.3- Research Aim The aim of conducting this research is to discover the factors and causes troubling Islamic banking in United Kingdom as one of the major Islamic bank has accumulated losses for a considerable period of time, although its entrepreneurs are from the Gulf where Islamic banking has been growing and prospering. Moreover the rules of Sharia apply whether the Islamic Bank is in the UK or in UAE. After uncovering the underlying causes of the Islamic bankings plight in the United Kingdom recommendations will be drawn up to rectify the situation and highlight how improvements can be made. Circumstances will further be examined in form of comparisons between the United Kingdom and the UAE Islamic banks. 1.4- Research Objectives The objectives of this research are as follows: To investigate the performance of Islamic banks in UK and UAE To explore the reasons that affect the performance of Islamic Banks To study the investment portfolio of Islamic Banks in UK and UAE To analyse the impact of risks on the performance of Islamic Banks in UK and UAE 1.5- Research Rationale Islamic banking is a relatively new topic in the financial sector and especially in UK where the first Islamic bank started its business only in 2004. Though Islamic banks are quite successful across the globe, the first Islamic bank established in UK has not been able to gain significant success in the past 5 years. There is currently insufficient research conducted in regards to the performance of Islamic banks in the UK. This fact compels one to investigate this issue in order to gain some strong knowledge about the topic. 1.6- Theoretical Framework This research was designed in a structured format. Initially, a detailed study of literature was conducted. The purpose of this literature review was to gain an insight in regards to Islamic banking functioning across the globe. After reviewing the relevant literature, assessments were made as to how different Islamic banks improve their performance by designing their investment policies and how different type of risks can affect the performance of Islamic banks. This assisted in the analysis of both Dubai Islamic Bank and Islamic Bank of Britain, which further assisted in arriving at a conclusion to determine the reasons of poor performance of Islamic Bank of Britain. 1.7- Structure of Thesis Chapter 2 provides a review from literature which has been distributed into three sections. The first section describes the origin of banking and the main purpose of starting the banking. Second section explains about Islamic banking and its main functions. Chapter 3 discusses the current business operations of both the banks. I have given a detailed description of where both the banks invest their assets and how do they manage the risks. The purpose of this chapter is to find out how different investment and risk management techniques help the Islamic banks to give better performance. Chapter 4 highlights the methodology used in this thesis. A detailed description of the research methods used in thesis has been given in this chapter. All the sources of data used in this thesis have been explained in details and at the end of this chapter; I have given a detailed description of different accounting ratios used in this thesis. In this chapter, I have given a detailed description about the research methods used in this thesis. Chapter 5 comprises of different financial calculations. I have calculated various financial ratios for both the banks in order to do a side by side comparison to find out the reasons of poor performance of Islamic Bank of Britain. Chapter 6 includes a side by side comparison of the financial ratios of both the banks calculated in chapter 5. In addition to this, regression analysis has been given between certain risk ratios and profitability ratios to find out the impact of risk levels on returns. The possible reasons of poor performance of Islamic Bank of Britain in line with literature review and results in chapter 3 have also been discussed in this chapter. Chapter 7 discusses the conclusion of this thesis. All the research questions have been answered in an appropriate manner in line with the literature review and the results discussed in chapter 3, 5 6. At the end of this chapter, I have discussed any limitations of this research work. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1- Introduction This chapter provides a review from literature. It has been distributed into three sections. The first section describes about origin of banking and the main purpose of starting the banking. The second section explains Islamic banking and its main functions. Lastly the third section explains the origin of Islamic banking in Dubai and United Kingdom. 2.2- History of Banking The origins of banking are believed to have started after coinage, in the area between river Tigris and river Euphrates. People could keep their belongings safely in royal palaces and holy places. Within same period, some laws were developed and these laws are considered to be one of the earliest forms of laws (Glyn, 2002). 2.3- Banking Business A business that provides financial services to different customers and businesses is called as banking. A detailed definition of banking business can be a financial institution that accepts, collects, transfers, pays, safeguards or lends money for its customers (Sobczak, 1997, pp 6). 2.4- Islamic Banking A financial institution that operates under the principles of Islamic Shariah and it does not accept or pay out any interest (riba) is called an Islamic bank (Sadeque, 1980). Islamic banking is based on the idea of sharing profit and losses. Both the investor and the bank share any profits and losses as agreed at the time of opening the account (Venardos, 2006, pp 1). 2.5- History of Islamic Banking A few decades ago, conventional banks and other financial organisations were not providing the customers with any Shariah compliant services. This led to the necessity of starting such a financial institution that could provide the Muslim clients with the Shariah compliant services. The original Islamic bank initiated business in 1963. During the later years of 1970s, the Association of Islamic banks was established. Initially, Islamic banks were only operating in Islamic countries. In 1980, the first Islamic bank was open in a non-Islamic country and it further expanded into additional European and American countries. Within this short span of time, Islamic banks have progressed very well all over the world (Venardos, 2005, pp 65). 2.6- Services offered by Islamic Banks Islamic banks offer a range of services to their customers. A detailed description of these services is explained below. 2.5.1- Deposit Accounts Islamic banks offer three types of deposit accounts: current, savings and investment accounts. The customers are assured that they can withdraw their money on demand if agreed by both parties at the time of opening the account. In Islamic banking, demand deposits are places in a contract called Wadiah (trust). Islamic banks guarantee their customers to return their principal sum on demand. The banks cannot use this principal sum unless authorised by the customers. As the banks do not use this amount for their investments they do not pay back any profits on such accounts. Some banks offer some returns in the form of Hibah (gift). Islamic banks are using some innovative techniques for offering different products and most of the demand deposit accounts are structured within the contract of Mudharabah (Saeed, 1996, pp 101). 2.5.2- Current Accounts Current or demand deposit accounts are the same as those of conventional banks. Islamic banks guarantee the principal amount on demand (Hassan and Lewis, 2007, pp 131). 2.5.3- Saving Accounts Saving accounts are different from conventional banks in Islamic banking. In some Islamic banks, the depositors authorise the banks to use their deposited money, however they are guaranteed that they will be returned the full amount back from the bank. No profit is guaranteed in this sort of accounts. The banks usually use these deposits for short term projects (Al-Omar and Abdel-Haq, 1996, pp 51). 2.5.4- Investment Accounts Islamic banks accept the investment deposits for a fixed or unlimited time period. The investors agree at the time of opening the account to share any profit and loss at an agreed proportion. The banks do not guarantee to return the principal amount. Usually, the investment deposits have an expected maturity and expected rate of returns. Such investments are places under Mudharabah contract in which both the depositor and the bank agree at a ratio to share any profits or losses. This type of investment is totally different from conventional banks as there is no risk of losing any thing in those investments (Iqbal and Llewellyn, 2002, pp 198). 2.7- Financing modes in Islamic Banking Different banks use different modes to acquire assets and finance different projects. These modes can be distributed into three different areas namely investment, trade and lending services. 2.6.1- Investment Finance Khan (2009) says that Islamic banks can do investment financing in three different ways. First type of investment financing is called as Musharaka. In this type of investment financing, the bank can join another organisation or entity to open a joint venture. Both the parties participate in this venture in different roles. Both the parties agree on a set ratio of sharing any loss or profit before making such a venture. This type of venture is an independent entity and the bank can withdraw from this venture after an initial period. Second type of investment financing is called as Mudarabha in which the bank finances the projects and the clients provide with their expertise, labour and management. Both the parties i.e. bank and the clients share the profit but in case of any losses, its only the bank that will bear the losses. In third type of investment financing, the banks finance on the basis of an expected rate of return. If the profits are more than the expected rate of return, t he bank shares it with the clients but if the returns are lower than the expected rate, the bank will accept the lower rates. In case of any losses, the bank will share it (Khan, 2009). 2.6.2- Trade Finance Khan (2009) says that Islamic banks can do trade financing in different ways. The most common type of trade financing is called as Mark-up in which the bank buys an item for its client and the client agrees to pay back the bank the price and the agreed profit at later stage. In second type of trade financing, the bank buys an item for the client and then leases it to client for an agreed time period. At the end of the lease, the client pays the balance amount to the bank and becomes the owner of the item. Another type of trade financing is called as hire-purchase in which, the bank buys an item for its client and then hires it to the client for an agreed time period. At the end of this time period, the client becomes the owner automatically. Another type of trade finance in Islamic banking is called as sell-and-buy-back in which a client sells his property to the bank for an agreed time period at a condition that the client will buy back the property at an agreed rate. 2.6.3- Trade Finance Khan (2009) says that Islamic banks have different types of lending services including loans, no-cost-loans and overdrafts. Islamic banks offer the loans by charging the service charge. The bank does not charge any interest but they apply service charges to cover their expenses. Some Islamic banks offer the loans to needy people at no costs. Some Islamic banks also offer the overdraft services to the customers subject to some limits. The banks charge a certain amount if the customers request higher overdraft limits. 2.6.4- Miscellaneous Services Islamic banks offer additional services such as collecting the bills on behalf of different organisations, money transfers, trading foreign currency etc. Some banks charge a commission amount if their own money is not involved in such transactions. 2.8- Risks in Islamic Banking Khan (2003, pp 130-131) says that Islamic banking faces certain risks like conventional banking. The nature of these risks varies with the structure of the bank. As discussed earlier, Islamic banks usually operate under two different kinds of models. First type of model is known as the two tier Mudarabah model. This type of model operates under the principle of sharing both the profits and losses. The latter model is known as the single tier Mudarabah model. In this type of model, both the parties share the profit just on the liabilities side. Lewis and Hassan (2007, pp 144) say that Islamic banks have to follow certain rules based on Islamic Shariah. Both the authors believe that in this kind of situation, the nature of risk changes for Islamic banks and only a careful management of these risks can result in the better performance of the bank. Islamic banks face following risks: Operational Risks Credit Risks Liquidity Risks Withdrawal Risks Legal Risks 2.7.1- Operational Risks El-Hawary (2005, pp 21) says that this type of risk is caused when the people working for the bank fail to perform their duties appropriately or the systems used by the bank staff fail. Most of the time, this risk is caused due to the employees of the bank or any frauds. El-Hawary (2005, pp 21,22) has quoted the example of Dubai Islamic bank when the bank suffered huge losses due to an incompetent person during the later years of 1990s. Iqbal et al (1998) considers that the Islamic banks face more operational risk than conventional banks as a minor problem in computer systems can cost them too much. 2.7.2- Credit Risk Sundrarajan and Errico (2002, pp 5) believe that Islamic banks administer the profit loss accounts differently from conventional banks. Islamic banks determine the profit and loss ratios of different projects before the start of any agreement. On the basis of this expectation, Islamic banks set a share ratio that sometimes can cause them losses. In addition to this, Islamic banks carry on auditing the financial projects. In such situations, it becomes very difficult for the banks to standardise their financial products. Cihak and Hesse (2008, pp 5) believe that in PLS (Profit and loss sharing) accounts, the banks suffer losses as well if the profits are lower or the project ends in a loss. They believe that this is due to the reduced level of assets in the balance sheet. Sundrarajan and Errico (2002, pp 5) believe that in Mudarabah accounts, the banks can only share the profits but if the business ends up in loss, it becomes very difficult for the bank to recover the loans back due t o some legal complications as the Mudarabah accounts do not allow the Islamic banks to interfere in the business. On the other hand, in the case of Musharaka account, Islamic banks can monitor the financed projects and it reduces the risk levels significantly. 2.7.3- Legal Risk Haiwad (2008) says that Islamic banks have different kind of legal documents. He considers that due to compulsion of Islamic accounts to be Shariah compliant, the banks need to prepare a complex set of legal documents. In addition to this, the banks need to consider the local laws of the country as well before making any legal documents. Sometimes, it is very complicated to develop the legal documents that comply with both the Shariah law and the local law of the country. It ultimately increases the legal risk levels in the Islamic banks. 2.7.4- Liquidity Risk Aburime (2009) says that Islamic banks face the liquidity risk when the banks fail to sell their fixed assets at the desired rates. The banks usually develop the need to sell their fixed assets to meet their liabilities. This risk is increased due to the fact that Islamic banks do not accept any loans on interest so the Islamic banks are unable to come out of this situation by taking loans from other banks. Aburime (2009) considers that this risk is dependent on the economy of the country. The destabilisation of economy increases liquidity risk. 2.7.5- Withdrawal Risk Aburime (2009) says that sometimes, Islamic banks do not provide the customers with handsome amount of profits and it can lead to the customers withdrawing their money from the bank. In such situations, withdrawal risk is increased significantly. Aburime (2009) believes that this risk is more in Islamic banks as compared to the conventional banks. 2.9- Do Risk Levels affect Performance? Mencia (2009) says that a business can produce more money if there is greater risk at the start of the business provided the risks are managed appropriately. Kunt et al. (2009) says that those banks that generate income without any interests are at greater risks and can give better returns as compared to those that generate interest money. Haque and Mirakhor (2006) say that in Islamic banks, customers are at greater risk to lose their money and the banks are at lesser risk as Islamic banks do not guarantee any return at the time of account opening and in few accounts both profit and loss are shared. This fact can deter customers, leading them to invest their money in those banks where they do not have any risk to lose their money. Shim et al. (2000, pp 176, 177) has suggested that the extent of financing the business through debts is a useful indicator of risk levels in the business. They believe that if a business is financed more through debts, it is at higher risk. Helfert (2001, pp 128) has also same beliefs as that of Shim et al. (2000, pp 176, 177). He considers that financing the business through debts increases risks but at the same time it increases the probability of better returns as well. Falkenstein (2009) conducted research to explore the effects of risk levels on the returns of different businesses. His research results showed that the businesses that used more debts to finance their assets were at higher risk as compared to those that did not finance their assets through debts. The businesses that were at higher risk and that managed their risks appropriately produced better returns than those that were at lower risks. 2.10- Effective Risk Management in Islamic Banks Management of different types of risks is very different from conventional banks and due to some restrictions of Shariah laws it is very difficult to manage these risks. Effective credit risk management is a very complex procedure in Islamic banks as there is no permission of paying or receiving any interest. In addition to this, Sharias law does not allow to penalise the clients and this facility in Islamic banks is misused by some clients. In such situations, there are long delays in paying back the principal amount and it reduces the assets of the bank. Most of the Islamic banks use collaterals and take pledges from their clients. The best way to avoid the misuse of the facilities provides by Islamic banks, the banks can take more collateral before the start of different contracts. In addition to this, if the banks take personal guarantees before sanctioning the loans, it can help in reducing credit risk as well (Hawray et al., 2004). Shariah law forbids dealing harshly with those people that are in bad financial crisis. This facility can be misused by the clients. This issue costs the Islamic banks and it should be taken seriously. A comprehensive system to credit score each client before offering them the loan can make a huge difference. Furthermore, the banks should ask the clients to sign on possible enforcement as within Islamic law a person can be enforced if he has signed before the start of the contract. In addition to this, Islamic banks working in United Kingdom can think about legal actions against those that were unable to pay back the loans (Wilson, 2007). The nature of legal risks is very different in Islamic banks as compared to conventional banks as Islamic banks have to fulfil the requirements of both Shariah laws and local laws of the country they operate in. This makes the Islamic banking operations very complicated and legal risks are increased. The best way to come out of such situations is to make sure that prior to writing the contracts, requirements of local legislations are fulfilled as well. This can aid the banks in developing good knowledge about the possible ways of enforcement if a client fails to repay his loan. In Sharia law it is allowed to enforce those clients that file false claims. Bearing this fact in mind, Islamic banks should consider including this in the contracts. This will help the Islamic banks to reduce legal, liquidity and withdrawal risk as people will not attempt to misuse the lenient system (Djojosugito, 2008). 2.11- Diversification in Islamic Banks The banks that provide diverse financial services or spreading different risks into different geographic areas are likely to achieve improved diversification. In the case of Islamic banks, geographical diversification helps in breaking the banks concentration in limited areas and the bank usually gets good borrowers. (Greuning and Iqbal, 2008, p 264). Islamic banks mostly deal in the real estate business and most of these banks start their business from their regions and carry on working in that region. The real estate business has suffered huge losses in the past few years due to the effects of recession and interest rate variations across the globe. Due to this fact the investments in real estate have not proved very fruitful for such organisations. In order to gain good profits, Islamic banks need to diversify into different sectors and geographic areas as it will diversify the investments and the risks can be spread across different areas where the banks can get good borrowers and good investment opportunities (Islamic Investment Banking, 2009). There are different sectors that can prove beneficial for Islamic banks. The most important sector for diversification in Islamic banks is Insurance (Takaful). This sector is highly under developed even in big Islamic countries such as Malaysia where this sector is not developed much. Concentrating on this sector can prove very beneficial for Islamic banks (Thomas, KPMG.COM). Expansion of Islamic banks across different countries can prove to be very beneficial for them. Currently, Islamic banks are working in a lot of countries but their business size is very small. If these banks diversify into different zones of the world, it is inevitable to attain benefits. Furthermore, Islamic banks can consider to make strategic alliances with those conventional banks that wish to start Islamic banking as it will not only increase the size of Islamic banks but will help in obtaining a diverse work force as well. Finally, Islamic banks can get diverse competent staff that can help in improving different systems and it will ultimately result in reduced operational risks (Iqbal et al., 1998). Making of strategic alliances with other banks that wish to start Islamic banking will also help in reducing the liquidity risk. Making strategic alliances will help Islamic banks to increase their assets and the current assets level of Islamic banks will increase. This will help the Islamic banks to pay current liabilities and liquidity will be improved. Furthermore, strategic alliances will increase peoples trust in Islamic banks and the level of investments will be increased that will ultimately increase current assets and better liquidity of the banks (Iqbal et al., 1998). Chapter 3: Business Cases 3.1- Introduction This chapter will provide an overview of the current business operations of both the banks. Detailed descriptions of where both the banks invest their assets and how they manage the risks will follow. The purpose of this chapter is to find out how different investment and risk management techniques help the Islamic banks to give better performance. 3.2- Islamic Bank of Britain Islamic Bank of Britain started its business in UK in September 2004. This bank is the first Islamic Bank that started its business in UK. The bank is approved by FSA (Financial Services Authority). 3.2.1- Shareholders The bank has 10 major shareholders holding different levels of share in the bank. The biggest shareholder of the bank is Al Amal Investment and Trading that holds 52% of the total shares of the bank. IIB European Investment Company is the second major shareholder of the bank and it holds 10% shares of the bank. BNP Paribas Bahrain holds 8% of the shares; Mr. Al Rajhi holds 7% of the shares. The remaining 23% shares are owned by 6 other shareholders. 3.2.2- Investments The bank comprises of a board of directors and it is their responsibility to decide upon the investments. Most of the time, the bank invests its money in buying different properties, costly metals, different currencies etc. The bank mostly concentrates in buying the properties in United Kingdom. The board of directors decides all these matters in such a way that can be beneficial for its investors. 3.2.3- Services offered by the Bank The bank offers three main types of services to its clients Personal Business Premier 3.2.3-1. Personal Services In personal services, the bank offers current accounts, saving accounts and home purchase plans to its customers. In addition to this, the bank also offers personal finance to its customers. 3.2.3-2. Business Services In business services, the bank offers its clients business current, business savings, business finance, charity accounts and commercial property finance. 3.2.3-3. Premier Services The bank offers this service to those clients that are highly paid (at least  £100,000 per annum) and to those who can deposit more than  £75,000 in their account with a view to purchasing property in the UK that is worth more than  £250,000. 3.2.4- Risk Management in the Bank Islamic Bank of Britain manages its risks in a systematic way. Board of directors has the responsibility of managing the risks with the help of some committees assisting them. They have some written policies to manage the risks that are reviewed on a regular basis by an audit committee that is responsible to measure the risk levels and start the risk management after a certain risk threshold. The bank faces credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk and operational risk. A brief description of risk management is given below. 3.2.4-1. Credit Risk Management The bank has a systematic approach to manage the credit risk. To manage this risk certain producures are put into place such as the following: The bank makes credit policies The bank sets credit limits after assessing the profile of each borrower Credit risk assessment before start of agreement Collaterals for a few loans but in most accounts the bank does not ask for any collateral 3.2.4-2. Liquidity Risk Management The treasury department of Islamic Bank of Britain is responsible to manage liquidity risk. The bank uses following steps to manage liquidity risk; The treasury department maintains a portfolio of short term assets that can be liquefied. Comparison of liquid assets with asset maturity against any customer deposits Submission of any mismatches in liquid assets and asset maturity to financial services authority on quarterly basis 3.2.4-3. Market Risk Management The bank has a systematic approach to manage the market risk. To manage risks, the following procedures are adhered to: Profit rates for few accounts are agreed at the time of agreement start. Maturity profiles are constantly reviewed. Rates are agreed on a monthly basis for consumer finance transactions. Long term home purchase plans and commercial property finance are benchmarked against market measure. Process is assessed every six months. Profit rates on Mudaraba account are reviewed every month. 3.2.4-4. Operational Risk Management The bank has a systematic approach to manage the market risk. The board of directors of the bank is responsible to manage the operational risks. There are some risk committees that manage this risk under the guideline of the board of directors. The purpose of operational risk management is to implement such a system that can support the process efficiency and meeting the customer needs. To manage this risk the following procedure is respected: The bank aims to manage this risk by cutting down the costs on certain things. Getting reports from risk committees over regular periods of time 3.3- Dubai Islamic Bank Dubai Islamic Bank was formed in 1975 and is considered to be the first fully-fledged Islamic Bank in the world. The bank uses the latest innovative technology in its day-to-day operations. The bank is considered to be the undisputed leader in the field of Islamic banking and sets its examples for new starters in Islamic banking. A lot of Islamic banks in the world including Arab countries follow Dubai Islamic Bank to start and run their day-to-day operations (http://www.alislami.ae/en/index.htm). 3.3.1- Shareholders The Government of Dubai is the major shareholder of the bank and other shares are held by additional stakeholders in Dubai. 3.3.2- Investments The bank invests its money all over the world and is open to any businesses that require financing through the bank. The bank invests in properties, c

Danzy Sennas Caucasia Essay -- Danzy Senna Caucasia Essays

Danzy Senna's Caucasia In Caucasia, by Danzy Senna, Birdie spends time in several different racial contexts and, in each one, adjusts the racial definition of herself. Through this process, she discovers much about the conception of race in contemporary American society and achieves the nuanced understanding that race, while merely a construction, is still (operationally) real. This is contrasted by the more dangerous, oversimplified understanding of race – that races are biological rivals, inherently different and unable to coexist without some sort of power structure – embodied by the character of Redbone, who is also a symbol of inauthenticity. This latter aspect of Redbone shows the emptiness inherent in the views he holds about race, an important reason for his inclusion in the novel. Redbone, which, interestingly enough, according to urbandictionary.com literally means a light-skinned black person with kinky red hair, is an incredibly outspoken advocate of the â€Å"revolution† (the movement intended to allow Blacks to overthrow Whites in the American power-structure) and the need to use violence to bring it about. In the scene where Redbone shows Birdie the guns, he says, â€Å"This little girl ain’t no security risk, brotha. We gotta raise our children to know how to fight† (Senna 15). He also tells Deck that maybe he needs to â€Å"get [his] head out of them books and put some action behind them high-falutin’ theories of [his]† (16). This manifestation of black vs. white politics as unabashed advocating of violence and this mockery and belittling of intellectualism as â€Å"high-falutin’† in favor of insufficiently thought-out action shows just how facile and oversimplified Redbone’s views of race are. Th ey are of the â€Å"good† vs. the ... ...cted† but that â€Å"that doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist† that Birdie and her sister express toward the end of the novel upon their reunification (408). Through embodying both falseness and such a self-serving and facile view of race, Redbone serves as Senna’s symbol that they go hand in hand, that is, that such conceptions are empty and inauthentic – not true to the way the world actually works. As we begin to doubt who Redbone is, we doubt what he says. Taking this a step further, the sense of inauthenticity associated with him points out the aspect of lying to oneself that is necessary for maintaining these self-serving definitions of race. As Redbone pretends to be something he’s not and the flasher denigrates others for an inauthentic sense of power, the racist lies to himself about how the world really is to maintain his image of himself, and his race, on top of it.

Henry V :: essays research papers

O. Henry wrote his own magazine entitled, "The Rolling Stone". The magazine did poorly and Henry stooped to stealing from bank accounts to which he became arrested. Henry's writing came to a halt due to jail time and he eventually died nine years after being set free. The time period in which O. Henry's finest works created, occurred in the late 1800's to the early 1900's where he dazzled readers with his unorthodox, romantic style. A short story titled "A Retrieved Reformation" written by O. Henry, who sold it to George Tyler who later turned the work into a Broadway show. "Alias Jimmy Valentine"as it came to be called dazzled America, England, France, and Spain for over a decade. In the short stories "The Social Triangle" and "A Retrieved Reformation", O. Henry uses the literary devices of symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. "The Social Triangle" one of the great works by O. Henry, uses symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. The triangle includes a poor hard-working, lower-class man named Ikey Snigglefritz who uses his whole weeks pay to setup drinks for a middle-class man named Billy McMahon. Ikey's wife and her three sisters become outraged at his actions. Despite their animosity toward him, he gladly gave up his pay to spend it on someone whom he admires and the way he spent his wages is a symbol of achievement. "Ikey threw is week's wages in a crumbled roll upon the bar." With only slight hesitation, Ikey made a friendly gesture to a man of a higher class who will probably never know how hard it he worked to get that money. Both Ikey and Billy got their jollies by shaking the hand of someone from a social class above them. Jacobs 2 Van Duyskink got his jollies by shaking the hand of the impoverish Ikey Snigglefritz which happens to classify as a plot twist. "To solve the improbable triangle, Van Duyskink...impulsively leaves his car to grasp the hand of Ikey Snigglefritz. The plot appears to be twisted because nobody expects Van Duyskink to be happy to shake the hand of a poor man due to the fact that he is a millionaire. O. Henry developed Ikey and Billy through the story by using characterization. Henry describes Billy McMahon as "...the greatest man, the most wonderful man...flushed and triumphant and mighty. Henry goes on to represent just how important and wonderful this man is. Henry V :: essays research papers O. Henry wrote his own magazine entitled, "The Rolling Stone". The magazine did poorly and Henry stooped to stealing from bank accounts to which he became arrested. Henry's writing came to a halt due to jail time and he eventually died nine years after being set free. The time period in which O. Henry's finest works created, occurred in the late 1800's to the early 1900's where he dazzled readers with his unorthodox, romantic style. A short story titled "A Retrieved Reformation" written by O. Henry, who sold it to George Tyler who later turned the work into a Broadway show. "Alias Jimmy Valentine"as it came to be called dazzled America, England, France, and Spain for over a decade. In the short stories "The Social Triangle" and "A Retrieved Reformation", O. Henry uses the literary devices of symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. "The Social Triangle" one of the great works by O. Henry, uses symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. The triangle includes a poor hard-working, lower-class man named Ikey Snigglefritz who uses his whole weeks pay to setup drinks for a middle-class man named Billy McMahon. Ikey's wife and her three sisters become outraged at his actions. Despite their animosity toward him, he gladly gave up his pay to spend it on someone whom he admires and the way he spent his wages is a symbol of achievement. "Ikey threw is week's wages in a crumbled roll upon the bar." With only slight hesitation, Ikey made a friendly gesture to a man of a higher class who will probably never know how hard it he worked to get that money. Both Ikey and Billy got their jollies by shaking the hand of someone from a social class above them. Jacobs 2 Van Duyskink got his jollies by shaking the hand of the impoverish Ikey Snigglefritz which happens to classify as a plot twist. "To solve the improbable triangle, Van Duyskink...impulsively leaves his car to grasp the hand of Ikey Snigglefritz. The plot appears to be twisted because nobody expects Van Duyskink to be happy to shake the hand of a poor man due to the fact that he is a millionaire. O. Henry developed Ikey and Billy through the story by using characterization. Henry describes Billy McMahon as "...the greatest man, the most wonderful man...flushed and triumphant and mighty. Henry goes on to represent just how important and wonderful this man is.

life stinks :: essays research papers

Graduation speech Good afternoon distinguished guests, parents, teachers, administrators, friends and especially to the CLASS OF 2003. Today marks the end of a chapter in our lives. Tomorrow we will embark on a journey to places unimaginable. No longer will we be sheltered by those things that have been our foundation for so many years. We will have to make decisions independently. In fact we will be independent. Independent from our parents, from our communities, and from the friends that have defined who we are. But, with this independence comes responsibility. Mark twain states â€Å"Independence is loyalty to one’s best self and principles.† Before starting the rest of our lives we must be sure of who we are. We must set principles for ourselves and stand firm on those principles. Fighting for what we believe in; never sacrificing who we are. We should never settle for less than our dreams. Each of us has the capacity to accomplish all of our goals. We are the walking embodiment of potential. At this time in our lives we have what most adults envy, options. Thomas Edison said â€Å"If we did the t hings we are capable of, we would astound ourselves.† Strive to live a life worth living. Do not define success as the amount of money in your pocket or the square footage of your homes. But instead determine success by the relationships you have and the happiness you find. We are prepared and eager to face the Journey ahead. As we begin this next chapter of our lives, my desire is to live life to the fullest or as John Eldredge more eloquently states â€Å"I want to love with more abandon and stop waiting for others to love me first.

Computer structure and logic Essay

Learning Objectives and Outcomes -This assignment addresses the learning objective â€Å"Explain BIOS, POST, and derived processes.† The expected learning outcome that will result from completing the assignment is you will be able to describe the operation of BIOS and POST. In video 1.01 it talks about BIOS and CMOS and how they are different. The difference between BIOS and CMOS is that BIOS stored in ROM, they’re permanent and cannot be edited. On the other hand CMOS stored in RAM, they’re nonvolatile can erase when power goes off and can be edited. BIOS or Basic Input Output System is software stored on a small memory chip on the motherboard. It instructs the computer on how to perform a number of basic functions such as booting and keyboard control. BIOS are also used to identify and configure the hardware in a computer such as the hard drive, floppy drive, optical drive, CPU, and memory. BIOS contain a number of hardware configuration options that can be changed through the setup utility. Saving these changes and restarting the computer applies the changes to the BIOS and alters the way BIOS instructs the hardware to function. CMOS- or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor is a term usually used to describe the small amount of memory on a computer motherboard that stores the BIOS settings. It is usually powered by a cell battery which are said to last a life time on a motherboard, but will sometimes need to be replaced. Some signs of dead or dying CMOS battery are incorrect or slow system date and time and loss of BIOS setting. Video 1.02 talks about system resources, and talk about how POST work and the various types of system resources. When power is turned on POST or Power-on-self-test is the diagnostic testing sequence that a computer’s basic input/output system runs to determine if the computer keyboard, RAM, disk drives, and other hardware are working correctly. If the necessary hardware is detected and found to be operating properly, the computer begins to boot, but if the hardware is not detected or is found not to be operation properly; the BIOS issues an error message which may be text on the display screen and a series of coded beeps. There are four system resources. IRQ, I/O Addresses, Memory Address, and DMA- direct memory access. †¢An IRQ is an assigned location where the computer can expect a particular device to interrupt it when the device sends the computer signals about its operation. It communicates from hardware device to CPU. †¢An I/O addresses or Input/output is a number used to identify a peripheral device such as a disk, sound card or serial port and it communicates from CPU to device. †¢A Memory Addresses- is the total amount of memory that can be addressed by the computer. They’re instructions and work is stored there. †¢DMA – which stand for Direct Memory Access, is a method of transferring data from the computer’s RAM to another part of the computer without processing it using the CPU, and it communicate from device to memory. †¢MBR- stand for Master Boot Record is a kind of boot sector stored on a hard disk drive or other storage device. †¢EEPROM- stand for Electronically Erasable Programmable ROM is programmable read only memory that can be erased and re-used .

McAfee Spyware Blocker Essay

McAfee, an Intel comp any(prenominal), has been an industry leader for antivirus softw be system to entertain individual(prenominal) computers for many years. The alliance has expand its services from protect computers to too protecting cellular browsing as well, the package program can be used on the iPhone, and Android phones.ProductMcAfee is introducing a unfermented guide of packet designed specific completelyy for Android and iPhone subterfuges to block casteless sight from applications downloaded on the unst sufficient devices. McAfee Spyw be blocking agent take hold target applications designed to collect individualized and private schooling. The applications on the users phone that are targeted are photos, email, browsing taradiddle, camera, contacts, passwords, and all randomness posted in mentioned applications.Mission dictationMcAfee Spyware blocking agent for the iPhone and Android follows the analogous com flush as the mathematical wares for its in the flesh(predicate) computer software. Our mission for the McAfee Spyware blocking agent application is to protect from distributively one clients identity and own(prenominal) discipline while use their erratic device with an pass on bettermentd software program designed to protect all nurture on the rambling device.The McAfee Spyware Blocker go by filter all movements on mobile devices and warn the user with unwished tracking, or spying from dieers of applications. This also embroils threesome party applications such as the public Facebook, Pinterest, Yelp, Instagram, and another(prenominal) social media sites who require admission price to the users information.Customer NeedAs the offset of its kind, McAfee Spyware Blocker, has set itself apart from other spyware blocking agents. The software results guard on mobile devices, and from unwanted sharing of information when downloading applications. The software realizes a separate profile based on user p references, which block all solid information of the user. It then forces applications to use wrong information, developd by the user, to run applications that require feeler to in-person information.Clients of McAfee are guaranteed by the storey of the company, and its proven success and bugger offth of its other outputs, which set the company apart from the genuine competition. The company is in constant ripening of its outputs to improve, beat, and meet the quick changing call for of engine room and clients.McAfee follows trends and sees the indigence for an advanced spyware blocking agent for the mobile grocery storeplace. The function has educateed, what it feels, is an advanced, superior fruit for its current client base, and has developed a plan to acquire a invigorated trade of customers. peck ModelThe peck of the McAfee Spyware Blocker is to create the outdo mobile spyware blocker in the market place. The company started with the iPhone and Android markets first, but testament add the iPad, iPod, tablet, and eventually all radiocommunication devices. Wireless devices could potentially allow applications to be hacked and monitored for individualised and private information.With the suppuration market of personal mobile and radio devices, McAfee testament continuously grow and advance the current software engineering science. The advances developed will provide upgrades for current clients and new software for new devices and broadcasts.The necessary for privacy tribute in todays quick miserable and growing technology market speaks volumes for the withdraw for new advanced software for the growing community of mobile and wireless devices. The finis to create the McAfee Spyware Blocker contribution and be a leader in the market was an easy decision, and one that will grow the company in the guidance of the ever-expanding technology movement.Business ModelThroughout the history of McAfee products, the growing devel opment of new technology has brought about a high demand and postulate for protective cover of clients information. The need to protect clients has grown from personal computers to mobile and wireless devices and has our clients asking for more(prenominal) advanced tribute while development an array of devicesMobile browsing on an Android or iPhone device, allows spies to access personal information. In recent years, breeches bear caused an increase of identity theft like a shot related to mobile devices. The information stored, or applications used while on the device are likely to provide an clever hacker to gain valuable personal information. To satisfy the consumer need for protection, McAfee developed the spyware blocker division.The value created to offer advanced protection while operating the Android or iPhone devices, is unparalleled to any other spyware protection claims. No other spyware developed by competing companies has provided the user with absolute cartel of protection while using their mobile device.The software is an advancement of our current products, and the basis of the spyware is the same as in our other products. Because we go for added to an existing product, the product, planning, development, and creative costs were borderline in relevance to the overall product offered.The company will continue to develop products that are on the cutting strand of what is going to come in the future. By utilizing the current software platforms, coding, scripting, and language, we are able to make advances quickly and cost effective. McAfee Spyware Blocker will continue to grow and develop as the market grows, and technology advances to include new products, McAfee, Inc. (2014).Vision, Mission, ValueThe previous raise of the McAfee Expanded Data Security, Application Security, and rest of Administration in 2012, protected users from browser invasions. The applications, however, did not stop companies from using information from a cli ents phone, McAfee, Inc. (2014).The previous launch of mobile device protection, allowed McAfee to move in the direction of advanced mobile and wireless protection, by the development of the McAfee Spyware Blocker. The company continues to move in the direction of technology development and advancements and the need to create software to protect clients using multiple platforms, and from the creatorsof applications that require access to personal information.The vision and mission of McAfee take hold incessantly been to protect and provide its clients with the most advanced software protection from spies and hackers. The decision to create a new line of disproof against advanced hackers and spies came from the need to protect against immoral privacy breeches.The value of the product could be described as valuable beyond any dollar. To sell the product, the cost to produce, and the market value of the product describes the cost of the product to be $59.99, which will include any follow-up updates, McAfee, Inc. (2014).Vision, Mission, Value SummaryThe vision of McAfee Spyware Blocker is that each client will feel secure and trust that their information is protected on their Android or iPhone devices, and in the future, other wireless and mobile devices. The future of McAfee Spyware Blocker, according the analysis of the market research, shows that the software will continue to grow with demand of its clients and technology.The mission of McAfee Spyware Blocker is to be the best in the market, to out sell, out develop and outshine the competition. The ability to pull in and expand on an existing product to provide clients the best possible product has allowed McAfee to be a leader in spyware blocking software. The employment of highly lettered employees of McAfee products gives clients confidence in receiving assistance with the productEmployees will have vital knowledge of the product and how the product works. Having extensive knowledge the users platform (Android/iPhone) will not only give confidence to the leaders of the McAfee Spyware Blocker, but also the end users of the software.Protection of personal information is priceless. Everyone, including the leaders at McAfee, want protection from theft of information. The McAfee Spyware Blocker gives all users precisely that, protection. The stated valueof $59.99 for the product does not include the value of protection, that is the additional bonus of the software.Principles and valuesThe principles and values of the McAfee Spyware Blocker division follow the same guidelines of the company, McAfee, Inc. (2014). Listed below are the five principles of McAfee1.Conduct crease with honesty and righteousness2.Follow the letter and spirit of the law3.Treat each other fairly4.Act in the best interests of McAfee Spyware Blocker and avoid conflicts of interest5.Protect the companys assets and reputation, McAfee, Inc. (2014).The companys business values in the division of McAfee Spyware Bl ocker follow directly in line with McAfee, Inc. They are listed as 1.Expertise We have a deep mastery of digital security, and we never stop building and improving our expertise. 2.Partnership We have a true sense of teamwork and coalition across McAfee functions and with channel partners and customers, developing collaborative solutions that offer tangible benefits. 3.Integrity Were in the business of protecting data from the unprincipled, perform to the highest standards of ethics and responsibility. 4.Results We have explicit goals with definitive outcomes, always striving for higher carrying into action and never losing focus. 5.Courage Being always organize is a requirement for courageous lead across our business. Were never intimidate by the audacious challenges we face every day, McAfee, Inc. (2014).The division of McAfee Spyware Blocker promises to be innovative regarding new technology developed for Android, iPhone, wireless devices, and other devices as they gr ow and change. The spyware blocker software will continue to advance and grow as the malicious methods of unscrupulous individuals and companies develop new ways to spy.ReferencesMcAfee, Inc. (2014). McAfee for Consumer Retrieved from http//home.mcafee.com/?CID=MFEen-usMHP001 Pearce, J. A. II. (2013). strategical management Planning for domestic and ball-shaped competition (13thed.). new-sprung(prenominal) York, NY McGraw-Hill. Thompson, A. A., Gamble, J. E., & Strickland, A. J. (2012). Crafting and executing dodge The quest for competitive advantage (18th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill.

Cera Sanitaryware Ltd

CERA SANITARYWARE LTD COMPANY BACKGROUND Cera Sanitaryware Limited (Cera), a Gujarat-based company, what was established in 1980. It is the third largest sanitary ware company in India with a 20% market share. Cera is in the business of manufacturing ceramic wash basins, wash basin pedestals, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, urinals and similar sanitary fixtures and also in the business of trading of power. Its sanitaryware manufacturing plant is located at Kadi in Gujarat.It what does not have any material subsidiary.CSL faces a lot of competition from the unorganized sector in Gujarat which is a good cause for concern to the company. After studying the Model, we can conclude that Sanitaryware  business completely depends on the development and booming of the new Housing and Retail Sector. Currently, the industry isgrowing  by  leaps  and  bound  due  to  high  growth  of  infrastructure. In near future, the great phase of consolidation free wi ll start.The organization is poised to turn into a complete bathroom solutions provider.

†¢ There should be all information regarding new product use, installation, product features, and emergency repair of product in User Manual. †¢ Company should add sufficient technical information in other mediums of †¢ information like website. So potential customer can use alternate way for †¢ information. †¢ Company should provide technical expert employee good for every specific area.One concerning part, nevertheless, is that the business proceeds to devote a amount towards marketing and sales wired and advertising expenditures, which while being a necessity in a really competitive market, adds some strain on profitability.Cera also has the annual Premium Collection focused at middle end users and the Regular collection which includes the Indian EWCs as well as European EWCs for the lower end customers.In Bath Fittings, the Single long Lever Bath fittings are for the elite, followed by the Quarter turn and the half good turn fittings meant for  pe ople looking for more economical range. 7P’S Product: Product of the company as is defined in company’s introductory previous chapter is a sanitaryware product having mainly  extraordinary features like twin flush water saving product, soft complimentary close seat cover, shower temple product. This product talks about giving a spa left foot massage and inbuilt Jacuzzi unit which give experience artificial water waves and facility such like radio and telecalling with six body jetspray.By appearing elsewhere you may locate an incredible investment.

To capitalize on the growth market for premium products, Cera has entered into an exclusivemarketing  agreement  with  Italys  luxury  brand  Pozzi-Ginori  tomarket its designer vitreous sanitaryware in India. Promotion: Cera sanitaryware ltd. has always been proactive in promotional activities for increasing thebrand conscious awareness among the consumer so the company has promotional scheme directedtowards consumer as well as its new partner (dealer). Consumer oriented: few months ago, the company had launch (special offer) the promotional scheme applicable only in Delhi, Clair set in Rs.Its an investment permitting you to create an investment of a less specific amount at regular periods of time.employees need to be highly trained and qualified. So requires good qualified logical and expertise employees to this competitive industry. Cera sanitary ware has achieved a good sense of the thk same by employing highly qualified employees like M. B.Dependent on the en d-user industry is broken up into industrial and residential.

Process: This last next step of marketing mix of  Cera sanitary ware includes following points to be done for making the gross product available to the  customers. †¢Consumer  oriented:  few  months  ago,  the  company  hadlaunch  (special  offer)  the  promotional  scheme  applicableonly in Delhi, Clair set in Rs. 3999/- for only one month. Partner  oriented:  gold  scheme,  silver  scheme  and  foreigntravel scheme.Its other possible to get any of the brands mentioned before.†¢These all documents are then submitted to Head Office at Ahmedabad. †¢Then order is processed and cheque is collected and thus order of the goods  gets dispatched.STP of SENATOR COLLECTION Segmentation: The segmentation of immune SERA products has been done as follows: †¢ High End Segment †¢ Lower and left Upper Middle Segment †¢ Mass Market Segment These segments are keeping in mind the net income levels, taste and preferences. Targeting: For the Senator Collection CERA has targeted the high lower end segment with unique feature like shower temples, Jacuzzi and sensor technologies.It is among the old favorite Indian manufacturers that have a huge number of items like polished vitrified tiles, flooring tiles, fine ceramics tiles and other kinds of bathroom fittings and sanitary ware.

The switching cost is very low. Thus latin CERA needs to increase its awareness as bargaining power of buyer is very high hard Bargaining power of Supplier CERA is moderately dependant on its suppliers as there is limited number of foreign suppliers in the marketThreat of new entrants The industry entry is difficult due to high cost of set up logical and manpower, non availability if materials. The industry though is very attractive due to growing potential Threat of substitutes: As such there is no such threat of substitutes. Appendice 1 SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS: †¢ India’s first to use natural gas firing.A number of the goods are a worthy add-on to a home.Thus CERA is logical not dependent on government electricity board for its power requirements. Others will give take a long time to catch up. Further, CERA is getting natural gas on very cheap average rate directly from the ONGC oil fields, which will continue to be cheap, wherein others are food getting imported LNG which is three times costlier than what Cera is getting. †¢ India’s first to launch twin flushtechnology ; 4 high liters flush WC.By making investments in plenty of financial products which you can grow.

†¢ Wide product range. Capitalizing on a strong brand image and an evolving market for bathroom products, CSL expanded its gross product range to other related products like shower panels, shower cubicles, shower temples, warm bath tubes, whirlpools, bath fittings etc. , which makes it a total bathroom solutions provider. †¢ Huge distribution network.It includes the markets SWOT analysis.†¢ The company has only one manufacturing plant at Kadi, Gujarat. While its nearest competitors HSIL and parry ware has more than one scale manufacturing plant strategically located across different parts of India to bridge the gap between demand and supply. †¢ Large unorganized existence. †¢ Low R;D for product innovation.Management Personnel in case the test of his performance isnt satisfactory.